شرح مفصَّل - زمن المضارع التام The Present Perfect Tense - شبكة امبل - English Grammar

Lesson Five

Present Perfect Tense

الكلمات الداله او ( الظروف ) -: ( Key Words Or ( Adverbs 

سابقا : already      حديثا : recently      قبل قليل / للتو  :just

      مطلقا / ابدا : never         مؤخرا : lately       منذ : since

اخيرا : at last      مره / ذات مره  :  once         كل ........ : ......... all
 منذ / لمدّة : for       حتى الان : so far     من قبل : before
                         حتى الان  :  up to now     خلال الماضى : over the last

بعد / حتى الان  :  yet          فى الاخر / فى النهايه : only
      حتى الان : up till now

ابدا / من قبل : ever    منذ ذلك الحين : since ever     الى الان : until now
          مرات عديده : many times

القاعده Rule :-

+   P.P (v.3)	+   Has	He -  She - It - Ali - Fatima
+ P.P (v.3)	+   Have	We  - You - They - I - Boys - Girls

When do we use the present perfect tense :-

متى نستخدم الفعل المضارع التام :-

1\to describe an event in the past to explain the situation in the present , with out remember  exactly when it happened :-

لوصف حدث ما  حصل  فى الماضى يفسر الوضع الحالى من دون ذكر زمن حدوثه بالضبط   ( اى ما زالت نتيجة هذا الحدث موجوده فى الوقت الحاضر ) : -

1\ Sarah isn't playing football ,because she has broken  (break ) her  leg .

2\ Ali is sad , because his cat has died ( die ) .

3\ Hanan is very happy , because she has won (win ) a prize.

4\ I am angry , because I have lost  (lose) my keys .

5\ she doesn't go to school , because she has had  ( have) a cold for a week . 

6\ I can borrow your car , because I have passed ( pass) my driving test .

7\ Fatima feels full now , because she has eaten  ( eat ) pizza .

8\ Amer is exhausted , because  He has climbed ( climb) a tree.

ملاحظه :- عادة ما نستخدم فى الجمله كلمة  because  بشرط ان تكون الجمله التى قبلها فى ال present simple او ال present continuous  ، (تأمل الجمل اعلاه ), وعند عكس الجمله تحزف because    ويوضع بدلها كلمه (so)  مثل :-  (  His cat has died , so Ali is sad).

2\to describe an action that happened in unspecified time before now :- 

لوصف حدث حصل فى زمن غير محدد قبل الان :-

1\ I have met ( meet ) him before .

2\ I have eaten (eat)  breakfast already.

3\ I have  never been (be) to Amman .

4\ I have just drunk (drink) milk.

5\ I have Just done (do) my homework . 

6\ she has ridden (ride) an elephant before .

7\ Fatima has cooked just (cook) lunch .

8\ she has set (set) the table already .

9\ I have Only cleaned (clean) the bathroom.

10\ you have Just seen (see) her.

11\ I have paid (pay) the rent already .

12\ I have liked (like) apple all my life .

13\ we have just got (get) back  from our holiday.

14\ the cat has just caught (catch) a bird .

15\ scientists have Recently discovered (discover) anew breed of monkey.

16\ the teacher has taught  (teach) us about present perfect before. 

17\ we have never won (win) a world cup.

18\Sally has seen (see) this movie before .

19\ nothing good has ever happened ( happen ) to me .

3\ for news reports in the media that often use it at the start of report to give a general summary :-

للتقارير الاخباريه فى وسائل الاعلام والتى غالبا ما تستخدمه فى بداية التقرير لتعطى ملخص عام عن الخبر :- 

1\ The primer minister has promised (promise)   to create more jobs for young people .

2\ the president has had  (have) a heart attack.

3\ Barack Obama has gone (go) to Jordan.

4\ to describe new experience we have gained at an unspecified time in the past :-

لوصف خبرة جديده اكتسبناها فى وقت غير محدد فى الماضى :- 

1\ I have learnt (learn) to play piano .

2\ He has studied ( study ) computing .

3\ Ali has learnt ( learn ) three foreign languages . 

5\ to describe change that has evolved over a period of time :-

لوصف التغيير الذى تطور على مدى فترة من الزمن :-

1\ Vedio Games have become ( become ) very popular with young   people.      

2\ your English has improved ( improve ).

6\ to describe several actions at different unspecified time in the past and  more actions like them  are possible happen again  in the future  :-

لوصف احداث متعدده حدثت فى ازمنه مختلفة غير محدده فى الماضى وان  الكثير من مثل هذه الاحداث يحتمل حدوثها فى المستقبل مرة اخرى :- 

1\ I have called ( call ) him three times .

2\  we have been (be) to France many times . 

3\ He has seen  (see)  that film six times . 

4\ she has visited ( visit ) them frequently .

5\ they have eaten  ( eat ) at that  restaurant many times. 

6\ It has happened (happen) several times already .

7\ I have played  (play ) the Guitar ever since I was teenager.

8\ He has written  ( write) three books and he is working on another one .

9\ the government has become  (become) more interested in Arts Education .

10\ many students have graduated (graduate) from the university of Jordan .

7\ to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up until now :-

لوصف حدث بدأ فى الماضى واستمر حتى الان :- 

1\ He has loved ( love ) her for several years .

2\ I have had ( have ) this car since August.

3\ She has worked (work ) at IBM  for two months .

4\ He has taught ( teach ) English for ten years . 

5\ we have had (have) the same car for five years .

6\ they have lived (live) here for  two years .

7\ Fatima has studied (study ) English since 8 o'clock.

8\ I have learnt ( learn ) French since 2012 .

ملاحظه:- فى الاستخدام السابع غالبا ما نستخدم افعال مثل love – hate –   

 be – have – hear – feel- see -  live – work – teach – study - want - need 

8\ to describe an event in the past with unfinished time expression like :- ( this week - today - in the last week - this month ……….. ) 

لوصف حدث حصل فى الماضى بعبارات زمنيه غير منتهيه :- 

1\ I have been (be) to London 4 times in the last month . 

2\ I have lost (lose) my keys 3 times this week .

3\  It has rained ( rain ) a lot this year . 

4\ I have worked (work) very hard today .  

ملاحظات :-

1/ last month   ليست هى in the last month

Last month = the previous month (it is specific time) ( pst simple)

In the last month = period of time from 1 month ago until now (present perfect ). 

2/ لايستخدم ال  present perfect  مع ظروف ال  past simple  مثل :  yesterday -  ago - last…… -  in+past date      

3/ نستخدم already  دائما مع الجمل المثبته بينما نستخدم yet  مع صيغتى النفى والسؤال .

4/ عادة نستخدم ever فى السؤال او مع hasn't او haven't  فى النفى ، اي لا تستخدم وحدها فى الجمل المنفيه ، بينما تستخدم never لوحدها فى الجمل المثبته لتعطينا صيغة النفى ، اى لا تستخدم never مع hasn't  او haven't .

5/ تصف for المده الزمنية ( for + a period of time ) اى من بداية الفترة الزمنيه وحتى نهايتها مثلا :- 

 ( for ( 10 seconds – a week – three years – a century- half an hour 

بينما تصف since نقطة بداية الحدث ( since + point in time from the past )  مثلا :- 

 ( Since ( 7 pm – 1996 – 8 o'clock – mid day – this morning- yesterday- last week

مثال :-
 I have been in London for three days          

I have been in London since Monday 

Negative form

+  p.p ( v.3 )	+ Hasn't	He – She – It – Ali – Fatima
+ p.p  ( v.3  )	+ Haven't	We – You – They – I – Boys - Girls

1\ I haven't seen  (not – see ) Ali since I met him last week . 

2\ I haven't visited (not – visit ) pyramids since I was ten.  

3\ my mother hasn't got (not – get ) any job yet .  

4\ the children haven't cleaned ( not – clean ) their teeth yet .

5\ He hasn't prepared (not – prepare ) to meeting yet .

6\ she hasn't talked  ( not – talk ) to me before . 

7\ I am hungry , I haven't eaten ( not – eat ) yet today .

8\ they  hasn't still noticed  (not – notice ) me . 

9\ Ali hasn't finished  (not – finish ) his homework yet .

10\ she  hasn't still washed  ( not – wash ) the dog .

11\  we  haven't seen  (not – see ) her today .

12\ the rain hasn't stopped (not – stop ) yet .

Question Form

+ p.p ( v.3 )   ?	+ He – She – It – Ali - Fatima	Has
+ p.p  (v.3 )    ?	+ We – You – They – Boys – Girls	Have

1\ Have you ever visited (visit ) London ? yes , I have .

2\ Has He already left  ( leave ) the office ? No, he hasn't .

3\ Have  You ever seen (see) an elephant ? yes , I have .  

4\ Has She  ever studied ( study) the present perfect ? yes, she has . 

5\ Have  YOU ever eaten ( eat ) snake ? No , I haven't . 

6\ Has Ali just finished  (finish ) his work ? yes , he has . 

7\ what has she cooked ( cook ) for dinner ?  she has cooked ( cook ) fish. 

8\  who has ridden (ride ) an elephant before ? Ali has ridden (ride ) an Elephant before .

9\ where have You been ( be) up to now ?  I have been  ( be ) to Amman .

مع تحياتى / اسعد امبل سليمان محمد ( السودان )

شرح مفصّل - زمن الماضى المستمر The Past Continuous Tense - شبكة امبل - English Grammar

Lesson Four 

Past Continuous Tense 

الكلمات الدالة او ( الظروف ) : ( Key Words Or (Adverbs

as              بينما

when        عندما

اثناء    while

القاعده :-  Rule

+ Verb   + ing	+  Was	He – She – It – I – Ali – Fatima
+ Verb  + ing	+  Were	We – You – They – boys – girls

ملاحظه :-

+ Past   Simple         +  Past   Continuous	+ Past Continuous	While      As
+ Past    Continuous          + Past     Simple	+ Past    Simple	When

When do We Use The Past Continuous Tense :-

متى نستخدم الفعل الماضى المستمر ؟ :- 

1\ to describe along action in the past that started before specific time and continuing after it :- 

لوصف حدث طويل فى الماضى  بدأ قبل زمن محدد واستمر بعده :- 

1\ yesterday at 8 pm , I was eating ( eat ) breakfast .

2\  He was working ( work) at 3 pm  yesterday .

3\  a lot of people were  ( wait ) for the  7:30 bus .

4\ I was living  (live) in Japan in 1998 .

5\ we were working ( work ) for the same company in this time last year .

6\ John was talking  ( talk ) on the phone between 7 and 8 pm yesterday. 

7\ I was teaching ( teach ) at 10 pm last night .

8\ they were reading ( read ) a book at this time yesterday .

9\ we were swimming  ( swim ) at 1:15 last night .

10\Ali and Khalid bought  (buy)  some vegetables while they  were shopping  ( shop ) at this time  yesterday.

11\ I didn't see (not -  see)  Amer while  I was going ( go ) to school this morning .

12\ when I lived ( live) in Egypt for two years , I was eating  ( eat ) koshary everyday . 

13 \ It was raining ( rain ) in this time last night .

14 \ I was watching ( watch ) t.v at that moment yesterday .

15\ they  were swimming  ( swim ) in the river in this time  yesterday.

2\ to describe along action in the past that is interrupted by short action  ( we use the past simple for the short action that interrupts it ) :-

لوصف حدث طويل فى الماضى والذى قُطِعَ بواسطة حدث اخر  قصير ( نستخدم  صيغة الماضى البسيط للحدث الذى قطعه ) :- 

1\ I was living  ( live ) in London when I met ( meet ) Ali .

2\ when she walked  (wake) up this morning , the birds were singing  (sing).

3\ the telephone rang (ring) while I was taking (take) shower. 

4\ they were cooking (cook) dinner when we arrived (arrive) . 

5\ she was reading  ( read ) A book when the alarm clock rang (ring).

6\ while, Fatima was writing (write) the Email, the computer suddenly went ( go ) off.

7\ the girl was walking  ( walk ) to school when Ali appeared ( appear ) .

8\ the accident happened (happen) while we were drinking ( drink ) coffee at  Cafe . 

9\ they rode (ride) motorbike when A car was hitting  (hit) them .

10\ we were sitting  (sit) in the garden when my uncle arrived (arrive). 

11\ As , I was walking (walk) out of the  coffee shop ,I dropped  (drop) my cup . 

12\  As , she was going (go) to the door , she thanked (thank) them for lovely dinner .

13\ As , they were singing ( sign) the contract , they noticed  (notice) that page was missing  ( miss ) . 

14\   she didn't see (not – see ) any one known ,while she was running  ( run ).

15\ when you called (call) , I was listening (listen) to music .

16\ As , my friend was watching (watch) t.v , someone stole  (steal) his car.

17\ while ,we were having (have) A picnic , it started (start) to rain.   

18\ Manar was washing  ( wash) dishes , when a plate fell  ( fall ) off the shelf .

19\ Nora was driving  (drive) her car when she saw (see) a little cat on the road .

20\ Khalid burnt (burn) himself while He was ironing  (iron) the clothes .

3\ to describe the scene in a story before the real action starts:- (we use the past simple for the real action):- 

            لوصف المشهد (المقدمه) فى قصة ما قبل ان يبدأ حدثها الرئيسى ( نسخدم للحدث الرئيسى صيغة الماضى البسيط )

1\ Superman was walking  ( walk ) in the park . A family was playing  ( play ) football and Dogs were baring ( bark ) , suddenly a man ran towards him .

2\ It was horrible morning . the snow was still falling  ( fall ) , the wind was storming  ( storm ) and the cars were skidding  ( skid) on the icy Road .

3\ the Sun was shining ( shine ) and the Birds were singing ( sing ) , As the Elephant came out of the Jungle ,the other Animals were relaxing  ( relax ) in the shade of the trees .

4\ we use it with ( always, constantly ) to describe Annoying and shocking Habits or annoying repeated actions in the past:-

نستخدمه مع كلمتى  ( دائما – باستمرار ) لوصف عادات مزعجه وفظيعه او احداث فظيعه متكرره حدثت فى الماضى :-

1\ Nobody liked the manger . He was always shouting (shout).

2\ David was always smoking ( smoke ) .

3\ He was always coming ( come ) to class late .

4\ Our Neighbors were always making ( make ) a lot of noise .

5\ to describe two actions that happen at the same time in the past :- ( we use past continuous for two actions together ) :- 

لوصف حدثين حدثا فى نفس الوقت فى الماضى :- ( نستخدم صيغة المضارع المستمر للحدثين معا  ) :- 

1\ while Ali was washing ( wash ) the car , Amer was reading ( read ) . 

2\ Fatima was painting ( paint ) while I was cooking (cook) dinner .

3\ He was looking ( look ) at Mona, while she was reading ( read ) a newspaper. 

4\ they were taking (take ) some photos while they were visiting  ( visit ) anew city . 

5\ while Ali was playing ( play ) football , Susan was solving  ( solve ) math problems .

6\ I was studying ( study ) while she was sleeping (sleep).

7\ she was speaking ( speak ) while she was driving ( drive ) her car .

8\ the students were writing  ( write ) while the teacher  was  teaching ( teach) .

9\ I was sitting (sit) while He was  standing ( stand ) . 

10\ I was doing ( do ) my homework ,while my family was watching ( watch ) t.v .   

Negative Form

+ verb +  ing	+ wasn't	He – She – It – I –Ali - Fatima
+ verb +  ing	+ weren't	We – You – They – Boys – Girls

1\ I wasn't playing ( not - play ) foot ball at this time yesterday 

2\ they weren't watching  (not -watch) t.v when I came . 

3\she wasn't walking  (not- walk ) to work when I called her . 

4\ Ali was cold because He wasn't wearing ( not – wear ) a hat .

5\ I am sorry I didn't call you last night , my telephone wasn't working ( not – work ) .

6\ fortunately , I wasn't driving  ( not – drive ) too fast when the child was walking ( walk ) in to the road in front of me . 

7\ they  weren't paying ( not – pay ) attention to the teacher .

Question form

+ verb + ing ?	+ He – She –It – I – Ali – Fatima	Was
+ verb + ing ?	+ We – You – They – Boys – Girls	Were

ملاحظه :- يمكن استخدام ال ( wh question  ) مع was  و were

1\ Were You eating ( eat ) your dinner yesterday at 6 pm  ?  Yes , I  am . 

2\ Was She walking ( walk ) to the office when she called you ?  Yes , she was .

3\ Was It raining ( rain ) when you left a party ? No , it wasn't .  

4\ Were the children swimming ( swim ) at this time yesterday ?  No , they weren't . 

5\ what were you doing (do) last night at 7 pm ?  I was eating  ( eat ) my dinner .

6\ why was she crying  ( cry ) ?  Because , she was ill .

7\ where was He going ( go ) ?  He was going  ( go ) to hospital .

8 \ what were they drinking ( drink ) ?   They  were drinking ( drink ) coffee .

ملاحظه :-  لا يستخدم ال past continuous  مع ال  stative verbs  بل يستخدم معها عوضا عن ذلك ال  past simple 

Like – love – hate – prefer – need – want – wish – dislike

Think – remember – forget – know – believe – imagine

See – hear – smell – taste – feel – seem – appear - miss

Have  - own – belong – possess – depend – cost - include

ملاحظه اخرى :-

يمكن استخدام ال  past continuous فى حالة وجود عبارة at this time  مضافا اليها احد مفاتيح الماضى البسيط مثل: - ( yesterday - ago - last ...... ) .

مع تحياتى / اسعد امبل سليمان محمد ( السودان )